A review of the toxicology presence and removal of ketoprofen through adsorption technology

The present review was carried out to analyze the works developed using adsorption technology remove anti-inflammatory ketoprofen (KET). main factors that inflated KET were analyzed. It found that, among adsorbents, those from ZnAl/biochar, algae-derived porous carbon, and powdered activated carbon highly efficient, reaching maximum capacities of 1081, 443, 362 mg g−1, respectively. capacity tends be higher when pH is close value pKa adsorbent has a pHpzc. From kinetics adsorption, it dosage initial concentration causes an inverse effect on equilibrium time for all system. Isothermal studies confirmed predominance monolayer homogeneous surfaces corresponding Langmuir isotherm; however, also possible observe more heterogeneous Freundlich Sips isotherm. thermodynamics nature process exothermic endothermic, demonstrating relation with Gibbs solvation energy. mechanism indicates adsorbed due physical interactions (hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions). In general, technique proved efficient in removing KET, where several adsorbents have already been successfully applied its removal. next step overcome laboratory scale barrier apply these materials treat real effluents. addition, should focused continuous multi-component processes, providing results future real-scale applications.